How to Raise Chickens for Eggs?

Raising chickens for eggs has become increasingly popular among backyard farmers, homesteaders, and even urban dwellers. Chickens provide a sustainable source of fresh, nutritious eggs while offering companionship and contributing to a more self-sufficient lifestyle. In this guide, we'll cover everything you need to know about raising chickens for eggs, from selecting the right breed to setting up their environment, managing their care, and ensuring optimal egg production.

The Benefits of Raising Chickens for Eggs

Raising chickens offers numerous benefits beyond just a steady supply of fresh, flavorful eggs. 

Nutrient-Rich Eggs: Home-raised eggs often have higher nutrient levels due to controlled diets, leading to better overall health for your family.

Sustainable Food System: Chickens contribute to sustainability by producing compostable manure, reducing food waste, and managing unwanted insects and weeds.

Enhanced Food Connection: Raising chickens helps you connect more deeply with your food sources.

Educational Opportunities: Chickens provide learning experiences for both children and adults about animal care and food production.

Entertainment: Chickens offer enjoyment with their quirky behaviors and interactions.

5 Steps to Raising Chickens for Eggs

Are you a beginner wanting to learn how to raise backyard chickens for eggs? This guide covers everything you need to get started with your own flock in five basic steps. I’ve also answered common questions from those new to raising chickens for eggs. Our journey began in 2014, experimenting with various breeds and coops. Today, we have around twenty chickens, three breeding flocks, and even donate extra eggs to the local food pantry during peak laying seasons.

1.Buy or Build a Chicken Coop

Before getting chickens, you need a safe and functional coop. This structure should protect from predators and offer nest boxes for egg-laying. Our experiences have ranged from a large movable coop on an old trailer frame to a simple handmade coop and our current favorite Amish-made chicken coop. Choosing the right coop depends on your needs and preferences. For more details, check out our chicken coop buying guide.

2.Set Up the Coop

Once you have your coop, setting it up properly is crucial. Bedding options include straw or pine shavings. Initially, we used straw but switched to pine shavings for ease of composting and affordability. To protect against parasites, sprinkle food-grade Diatomaceous Earth on the bedding. Also, create a dust bath area, as chickens need this for parasite control. If you need guidance, here’s how to build a dust bath for your chickens.

3.Set Up a Feeder and Waterer

Chickens require constant access to feed and clean water. We use a locally grown, non-GMO feed and scratch. Each coop has large hanging feeders and waterers. For winter, we use a rubber feed bowl with warm water daily to avoid the expense of heated waterers. Chickens also need supplemental calcium to lay quality eggs. We use crushed eggshells and oyster shell as needed.

4.Get Chickens!

The excitement of getting your first chickens is unparalleled! Decide on the breeds that suit your climate and needs. For example, in cold climates, chickens with smaller combs are less prone to frostbite. You can start with fertile eggs, chicks, pullets, or full-grown chickens. Each option has its advantages:

• Chicks: Hatching your own chicks can be rewarding but requires a brooder and heat lamp. Socializing them early can lead to a friendly flock.
• Pullets: These hens, aged 16-52 weeks, are feathered and ready to lay eggs. They are easier to manage than chicks and come with a known sex.
• Full-Grown Chickens: Starting with adult chickens is convenient and allows you to begin collecting eggs immediately.

5.Daily Chicken Care

Maintaining your flock involves daily chores:

• Let chickens out of their coop in the morning.
• Feed them food scraps and scratch in winter.
• Collect eggs 1-2 times a day.
• Close the coop at night for predator protection.

Weekly tasks include refilling feeders and waterers, topping off calcium supplements, and cleaning the coop. For more details on cleaning, read our article on how to clean a chicken coop.

Choosing the Right Breed for Egg Production

Selecting the right chicken breed is crucial to achieving optimal egg production. Different breeds have varying rates of egg-laying, temperaments, and adaptability to climate. Understanding these factors will help you choose the best breed for your specific needs and environment.

Popular Egg-Laying Breeds

Leghorns

Known for prolific white egg production, Leghorns are a top choice for those seeking high egg output, laying around 280-320 eggs annually. They are hardy and adaptable to various environments, making them a reliable option for both beginners and experienced keepers.

Rhode Island Reds

This dual-purpose breed is well-regarded for producing large brown eggs and is known for its consistent laying of about 250-300 eggs annually. They are robust and can handle various weather conditions, which adds to their appeal.

Plymouth Rock

Friendly and resilient, Plymouth Rocks lay about 200-280 brown eggs each year. They are particularly well-suited to backyard environments due to their docile nature and ease of management.

Buff Orpingtons

Known for their calm demeanour, Buff Orpingtons are ideal for families and can lay 180-200 eggs per year. They are also excellent foragers and can help keep your garden in check.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Breed

Climate Adaptability

It's important to choose breeds that are well-suited to your local weather conditions. Some chickens handle extreme heat or cold better than others, so selecting breeds adapted to your climate can improve their overall well-being and productivity.

Egg Production Rate

If your goal is maximum egg production, focus on breeds known for their high output, such as Leghorns or Rhode Island Reds. For those interested in a balance between egg production and other traits, breeds like Plymouth Rocks and Buff Orpingtons may be more suitable.

Temperament

Docile breeds are easier to manage, especially in small backyard spaces. If you have children or limited space, consider breeds with gentle temperaments that are less likely to be aggressive or territorial.

Setting Up a Chicken Coop

A well-designed chicken coop is essential for the health, safety, and productivity of your flock. The coop must provide adequate space, security, ventilation, and comfort to ensure your chickens thrive.

Coop Size and Design

• Space Requirements: Each chicken should have at least 3-4 square feet inside the coop and 8-10 square feet in the run. Providing adequate space prevents overcrowding and promotes healthier chickens. Overcrowding can lead to stress and a higher risk of disease.
• Nesting Boxes: Provide one nesting box for every 3-4 hens to ensure they have quiet, comfortable places to lay eggs. Proper placement and cleanliness of nesting boxes encourage consistent egg production and reduce the likelihood of eggs being laid outside of the boxes.
• Roosting Perches: Chickens prefer to sleep off the ground. Provide 8-12 inches of perch space per bird to ensure they have comfortable and secure places to roost. Roosting perches also help prevent diseases and parasites by keeping chickens off the floor.
• Ventilation: Proper airflow is crucial for preventing respiratory issues and maintaining a healthy coop environment. The coop should be draft-free but allow for adequate ventilation to manage humidity and ammonia buildup.

Safety and Predation

Chickens are vulnerable to predators such as raccoons, foxes, and hawks. Implement safety measures like predator-proof fencing, secure locks, and wire mesh over the run. Regularly inspect your coop and run for any potential weaknesses that could be exploited by predators.

Cleanliness and Sanitation

A clean coop is essential for maintaining healthy chickens. Regularly remove manure, replace bedding, and disinfect the coop to prevent the spread of diseases. Maintaining cleanliness also helps control odors and attracts fewer pests.

Nutritional Requirements for Egg-Laying Chickens

Proper nutrition plays a significant role in egg quality and production. Feeding your chickens a balanced diet is essential for their overall health and egg-laying abilities.

Balanced Diet Essentials

• Protein: Adequate protein levels (16-18%) are necessary for egg production. Protein supports feather development and overall health, which directly impacts egg quality and quantity.
• Calcium: Essential for strong eggshells, calcium can be provided through oyster shells or added to their feed. Ensuring an adequate calcium intake helps prevent issues such as thin or soft eggshells.
• Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamins A, D, and E, along with trace minerals, are vital for maintaining your chickens’ overall health. These nutrients support immune function, feather health, and overall vitality.

Types of Feed

• Layer Feed: Specially formulated for egg-laying hens, layer feed contains higher levels of calcium to support eggshell formation. It also provides a balanced mix of nutrients required for optimal egg production.

• Supplemental Feed: Provide oyster shells for calcium, grit for digestion, and kitchen scraps (vegetables and fruits) in moderation. Supplements can enhance your chickens' diet and provide additional nutrients. Additionally, mealworms or black soldier fly larvae are excellent protein-rich supplements that can boost your chickens' diet, promote healthy feather growth, and improve egg quality. These insects offer a natural source of essential nutrients, enhancing overall health and productivity in your flock.

Fresh Water Supply

Chickens need constant access to fresh, clean water, especially in hot weather when dehydration can occur. Ensure that water containers are regularly cleaned and refilled to maintain optimal hydration.

Understanding the Egg-Laying Cycle

Chickens follow a natural egg-laying cycle that is influenced by age, nutrition, and seasonal changes. Understanding this cycle helps in managing expectations and optimising egg production.

When Chickens Begin to Lay

Most hens start laying eggs at 5-6 months of age. Signs that they’re ready to lay include squatting behaviour and frequent visits to the nesting boxes. Proper preparation and observation will help you recognize when your hens are approaching their laying stage.

Egg Production Frequency

• Daily Egg Cycle: Hens generally lay one egg per day, but not all hens will lay an egg daily. Factors such as breed, nutrition, and daylight hours influence production. Keeping track of each hen’s laying pattern can help identify any issues.
• Seasonal Changes: Egg production often decreases in winter due to shorter daylight hours. Supplemental lighting can help maintain production, but it’s also important to manage other factors such as temperature and nutrition.

Egg Production Longevity

Most chickens lay the majority of their eggs in their first 2-3 years of life. Afterward, production gradually declines, although hens may continue to lay eggs for several more years. Proper care and nutrition can help extend their productive years.

Creating an Optimal Environment for Egg Production

A stress-free, comfortable environment is key to maximizing egg production. Ensuring your chickens are content and healthy directly impacts their laying performance.

Light Exposure

Hens need 12-14 hours of daylight to maintain consistent egg production. Artificial lighting can help extend their laying season during winter. Adjusting light levels gradually can prevent stress and disruption to their natural rhythms.

Temperature Management

• Ideal Temperature: Chickens thrive in temperatures between 55-75°F for optimal egg production. Extreme temperatures can affect their health and laying patterns.
• Summer Care: Provide shade and cool water to prevent overheating. Consider using fans or misting systems to keep the coop cool.
• Winter Care: Insulate the coop while ensuring proper ventilation. Avoid using heaters, as they can pose fire risks and disrupt the chickens' natural acclimatization to cold weather.

Managing Egg Collection and Storage

Proper egg collection and storage help maintain the quality and safety of your eggs, ensuring they remain fresh and nutritious.

Collecting Eggs

Collect eggs once or twice daily to prevent them from becoming dirty or cracked. Handling them gently reduces the risk of damage and maintains their quality. Implementing a consistent collection schedule helps you monitor egg production and identify any issues promptly.

Storing Eggs

• Refrigeration: Store eggs in the fridge to extend their shelf life. Unwashed eggs can be kept at room temperature for up to two weeks but should be refrigerated if washed to prevent bacterial contamination.
• Egg Freshness Test: To check if an egg is fresh, place it in water. Fresh eggs sink and lie flat, while old eggs float due to air cell expansion. This simple test helps you determine egg freshness and safety.

Common Health Concerns for Egg-Laying Chickens

Healthy chickens are active, with bright eyes, clean feathers, and smooth combs. Regularly check for signs of health issues and address them promptly to maintain a productive flock.

Common Health Issues

• Egg Binding: A hen unable to lay an egg may be egg-bound. Ensure proper calcium intake and consult a vet if necessary. Symptoms include straining, lethargy, and a swollen abdomen.
• Calcium Deficiency: Thin or soft eggshells indicate a lack of calcium. Supplement their diet accordingly to improve eggshell quality and prevent issues like breakage.
• Molting: Chickens naturally lose and regrow feathers, temporarily halting egg production. Provide extra protein during this time to support feather regrowth and maintain overall health.

Vaccinations and Parasite Control

Vaccinate chickens for common diseases like Marek’s disease and regularly check for parasites such as mites and lice. Implement a deworming and parasite control program to keep your flock healthy and productive.

Seasonal Considerations for Raising Chickens

Adjust care routines based on seasonal changes to ensure your chickens remain healthy and productive year-round.

Winter Care

Prevent water from freezing, increase feed to boost energy, and ensure the coop is insulated. Monitor for signs of frostbite and adjust care as needed to maintain comfort.

Summer Care

Provide shade and frozen treats to keep chickens cool. A misting system or shallow water baths can help manage heat and prevent heat stress.

Molting Season

Molting occurs once a year, and chickens temporarily stop laying eggs. Support them with a higher-protein diet during this time to aid in feather regrowth and maintain overall health.

Legal and Community Considerations

Before starting your chicken-raising journey, check local regulations regarding backyard poultry to ensure compliance and avoid potential issues.

Local Regulations

Some areas may restrict the number of chickens you can keep or prohibit roosters. Ensure you comply with local zoning laws and obtain any necessary permits to avoid legal complications.

Neighbor Relations

If raising chickens in an urban or suburban area, maintain good relationships with your neighbors by keeping the coop clean and minimizing noise. Communicate openly about your chicken-keeping plans and address any concerns they may have.

FAQ’s

Q.How Many Chickens Should a Beginner Start With?

A.Starting with a small flock of less than ten chickens is ideal. Most backyard flocks range from 4-8 hens. This size allows for manageable care and helps you get acquainted with chicken keeping.

Q.Do You Need a Rooster?

A.A rooster is not necessary unless you want fertilized eggs for hatching. Roosters are beneficial for flock protection and can be noisy, so check local regulations if you live in an urban area.

Q. How Many Chickens Do I Need for a Dozen Eggs a Week?

A.The number of chickens needed for a dozen eggs a week varies by breed. For instance, Leghorns are prolific layers, while more colorful breeds like Olive Eggers and Swedish Flower hens produce fewer eggs. Generally, 2 Leghorns might yield a dozen eggs weekly, while 3 hens of colorful breeds would be needed.

Q. What is the Cost of Raising Chickens for Eggs?

A. The cost of raising chickens includes coop, feeders, waterers, feed, and other supplies. For a flock of 4-6 chickens, the estimated costs are:

• Chicken Coop: $775 (based on our Amish-made coops, often found gently used)
• Chicken Feeder: $20
• Chicken Waterer: $40
• Oyster Shell: $15 per box
• Chicken Feed: $18.50 per 50lb bag (lasts 1.5-2 months for 4-6 chickens)

Q. How difficult is it to raise chickens for eggs?

A. Raising chickens for eggs can be relatively easy or challenging, depending on your experience, resources, and the breed of chickens you choose. Generally, it requires attention to their basic needs, including proper housing, nutrition, and health care.  Basic tasks include feeding, watering, cleaning the coop, and monitoring for health problems.

Q. How do you start raising chickens to lay eggs?

A. To start raising chickens for eggs, follow these steps:

1. Research and Planning: Learn about different chicken breeds and their egg-laying abilities. Choose a breed that fits your climate and space.
2. Prepare the Coop: Build or purchase a suitable chicken coop with adequate space, ventilation, nesting boxes, and roosting areas.
3. Purchase Chicks or Pullets: Buy chicks or young hens from a reputable source. Pullets (young hens) will start laying eggs sooner than chicks.
4. Set Up Their Environment: Provide feed, water, and bedding. Ensure the coop is safe from predators and has proper lighting and ventilation.
5. Ongoing Care: Maintain their health with regular feeding, clean water, and routine health checks. Provide supplemental light if needed to encourage consistent egg production.

Q.How long does it take to raise a chicken for eggs?

A.Chickens typically start laying eggs around 5-6 months of age. The exact time can vary based on breed, diet, and environmental factors. Once they reach this stage, they can lay eggs consistently for several years, with peak production occurring in their first 2-3 years.

Disadvantages of Keeping Chickens

While raising chickens brings many benefits, it's essential to consider the challenges involved. Managing frequent droppings, dealing with flies, and preventing damage to your garden are key issues to address. Being aware of these potential problems helps in preparing for effective solutions and ensuring a smoother experience with your chickens.

• Chicken Poop: Chickens produce a considerable amount of waste, which can create significant messes in your yard, on porches, and around the coop. Regular cleaning and maintenance are required to manage the buildup of droppings and prevent unpleasant odors or unsightly messes.
• Flies: The presence of chicken droppings can attract flies, particularly during warmer months. Flies not only cause discomfort but can also be a nuisance, spreading bacteria and creating unsanitary conditions. Implementing fly control measures, such as fly traps or regular cleaning, can help reduce their presence.
• Destructive Behavior: Chickens have a natural instinct to scratch and peck the ground, which can lead to damage in garden beds and flower beds. They may uproot plants, disturb soil, and create uneven ground. To protect your plants, consider using plant prote+-ctors or barriers, and provide designated areas for chickens to scratch and forage to minimize garden damage.

Conclusion

Raising chickens for eggs is a fulfilling experience that provides a steady supply of fresh, nutritious eggs. By choosing the right breed, providing a safe and comfortable environment, and maintaining proper care, you can enjoy the rewards of backyard chickens. Whether you're a homesteader or an urban gardener, the joy of raising chickens and collecting fresh eggs is a testament to the benefits of sustainable living. Embracing this hobby can enhance your connection to your food, contribute to a healthier lifestyle, and provide ongoing satisfaction from your self-sufficient efforts.